About — HSCII

About HSCII

HSCII is a non-profit focused on improving the scientific publishing process and making humanity's scientific knowledge more accessible.

Our Mascot

Neptune — the farthest known planet from the Sun. We've only visited it once, in 1989. Most of what we know comes from a single flyby and a handful of telescope observations. It reminds us how much is still out there, barely seen.

Full-disk view of Neptune from Voyager 2

Neptune in true colour

Captured by Voyager 2 on August 20, 1989, from 4.4 million miles. Shows the Great Dark Spot, bright cirrus-like clouds, and banding in the southern hemisphere.

Source: NASA/JPL PIA02210

Close-up of Neptune's cloud bands from Voyager 2

Cloud structure at close approach

Voyager 2 wide-angle camera, August 1989, from ~590,000 km. Shows cirrus-like cloud streaks and atmospheric wave patterns in true colour.

Source: NASA/JPL PIA00063

Neptune captured by VLT adaptive optics

First ground-based image sharper than Hubble

Captured by ESO's Very Large Telescope using MUSE with GALACSI adaptive optics, July 2018. The first time a ground-based observatory surpassed Hubble's resolution of Neptune.

Source: ESO/P. Weilbacher